IOI '95 - Eindhoven, Netherlands
Figure 1 gives an example of a course for a street race. You see some
points, labeled from to
(here
), and some arrows connecting
them. Point
is the start of the race; point
is the finish. The
arrows represent one-way streets. The participants of the race move from
point to point via the streets, in the direction of the arrows only. At
each point, a participant may choose any outgoing arrow.
A well-formed course has the following properties:
- Every point in the course can be reached from the start.
- The finish can be reached from each point in the course.
- The finish has no outgoing arrows.
A participant does not have to visit every point of the course to reach
the finish. Some points, however, are unavoidable. In the example, these
are points ,
,
, and
. Given a well-formed course, your program has
to determine the set of unavoidable points that all participants have to
visit, excluding start and finish.
Suppose the race has to be held on two consecutive days. For that
purpose the course has to be split into two courses, one for each day.
On the first day, the start is at point , and the finish at some
'splitting point'. On the second day, the start is at this splitting
point and the finish is at point
. Given a well-formed course, your
program has to determine the set of splitting points.
A point is a splitting point for the well-formed course
if
differs from the start and the finish of
, and the course can be
split into two well-formed courses that have no common arrows and that
have
as only common point. In the example, only point
is a
splitting point.
Input Specification
The input describes a well-formed course with at most points and at
most
arrows. There are
lines in the input. The first
lines
contain the endpoints of the arrows that leave from the points
through
respectively. Each of these lines ends with the number
. The
last line contains the number
.
Output Specification
Your program should write two lines. The first line should contain the number of unavoidable points in the input course, followed by the labels of these points, in ascending order. The second line should contain the number of splitting points of the input course, followed by the labels of all these points, in ascending order.
Sample Input
1 2 -2
3 -2
3 -2
5 4 -2
6 4 -2
6 -2
7 8 -2
9 -2
5 9 -2
-1
Sample Output
2 3 6
1 3
Comments
it's interesting to know that this problem was made in the golden age of JDM cars and the Midnight Club street racing syndicate