After many days' journey through the great Australian outback, you have finally arrived at the great
city of Cobar with nothing but a small backpack. Enamoured by the wonder and beauty of its markets,
you decide to become a merchant and make Cobar your new home. Cobar has markets, numbered
from
to
, connected by
one-way footpaths, each taking a particular number of minutes to walk
along.
The markets of Cobar trade in different items, numbered from
to
. Each market has a fixed
price for buying or selling each item. Not every market will trade in every item, and it is possible that
for any given item, a market may only support buying it, but not selling it, or vice-versa. You may
assume that each market that has a given item for sale has an infinite quantity of it available, and
similarly, if a market wants to buy a given item, it is willing to buy it repeatedly, forever.
To earn money as quickly as possible, you would like to find the most efficient profit cycle. A profit
cycle is a walk through Cobar that starts at some market with your backpack empty, continues along
Cobar's footpaths and through its markets (possibly buying and selling items along the way), and finally
returns to
, again with an empty backpack. It may visit a market and/or walk along a footpath
multiple times. Once an item is bought, it must be placed immediately in your backpack and since
your backpack is small, it can only hold up to a single item at any point in time. You may assume
that you are always able to buy an item if it is available, regardless of the amount of money you
possess so far and that you are prohibited from selling an item that you do not possess.
The profit earned from such a cycle is the total amount of money you earned from selling items, minus
the total amount of money you spent buying them. The duration of a cycle is the total number of
minutes you spend walking along its constituent footpaths. The efficiency of a profit cycle is the profit
earned from it, divided by its duration. Note that a profit cycle that does not involve buying or selling
any items has an efficiency of .
Your task is to find the maximum efficiency among all profit cycles with strictly positive duration.
You should report this value rounded down, to the nearest integer. If no such profit cycle exists, you
should report 0
.
Input
Your program should read from standard input.
The first line will contain integers,
,
and
: the number of markets, footpaths and items
respectively.
lines follow. The
th of these lines will contain
integers
describing a market. For all
, the pair of integers
and
describe the price at which
you can buy and sell item
at market
, respectively. If an item cannot be bought or sold, then
will
be used as a placeholder.
lines follow. The
th of these will contain
integers,
,
and
, describing a one-way footpath
from market
to another market
, taking
minutes to traverse.
Output
Your program should write to standard output.
Print a single integer, the maximum efficiency among all profit cycles, rounded down to the nearest integer.
Subtasks
For all subtasks, , and for all items which can be
bought/sold,
for all
and for all
.
Additionally, and
for all
, and there does not exist any
pair of edges
such that
.
Subtask | Points | Additional Constraints | Description |
---|---|---|---|
You can only buy items from market 1. | |||
All footpaths take 1 minute to travel along. | |||
Each market buys and sells every item, and the buying price of an item is equal to its selling price at any given market (it may be different between markets). | |||
None. | No additional constraints. |
Sample Input
4 5 2
10 9 5 2
6 4 20 15
9 7 10 9
-1 -1 16 11
1 2 3
2 3 3
1 4 1
4 3 1
3 1 1
Sample Output
2
Explanation
In the sample case there are two cycles we will consider, "1 to 2 to 3 to 1" and "1 to 4 to 3 to 1".
Considering "1 to 2 to 3 to 1", we see that this cycle takes minutes to walk over
. The
most profitable sequence of trades on this cycle is to purchase item
at market
(cost of
), sell it at
market
(profit of
), immediately buy item
from market
(cost of
), carry item
through market
, and finally sell item
at market
(profit of
). Therefore in this cycle we can make
profit in this profit cycle.
rounded down gives an efficiency of
for
this cycle.
Considering "1 to 4 to 3 to 1", we see that this cycle takes minutes to walk over
. The
most profitable sequence of trades on this cycle is to purchase item
at market
(cost of
), sell it at
market
(profit of
), then walk through market
and back to market
. Therefore in this cycle we
can make
profit in this profit cycle.
rounded down gives an efficiency of
for this
cycle.
Therefore the best efficiency of any profit cycle in Cobar is .
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